He hasn't found any of the missing money from the heist, which was stolen before Leo and the others could bring it to the warehouse. Leo's Parkinson's disease has developed rapidly to the point that he needs a cane to walk and is having seizures. Giancarlo Esposito plays the lead character, Leo Pap.īy the beginning of the "Pink" episode, it is clear that Leo is not getting a happy ending after the heist. Bob then stumbles away to cause more havoc in the "Pink" episode. The strangulation affected his throat, so he had to use a pen to open up his airway. However, the relief of his death is cut short when the character awakens in "White," albeit struggling to breathe. This is not that shocking a death since Bob was a thorn in everyone's side. "White" shows that this was a result of Bob being strangled by Judy with a metal bar to stop him from killing another member of the crew. ![]() This means it is not surprising when it is revealed in the "Red" and "White" episodes that he turns on the crew and tries to take the money for himself and Judy (Rosaline Elbay).īob is believed to be dead in "Red" after Ava finds him in the street after the heist. ![]() He is rude, arrogant, chaotic, and definitely not a team player. ![]() Honestly, Bob Goodwin looked like he was going to die at least five different times in "Kaleidoscope," and for good reason.īob joins the crew as the safecracker only because the team needs his wife, Judy. It often indicates a user profile.īob (Jai Courtney) during the heist in the "White" episode of "Kaleidoscope." Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders.
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![]() This is the case with the Riddell SPEEDFLEX, Speed, Revolution, Foundation. Others will ship separately because of their asymmetrical ergonomic design. Please note that some of these football ear pads ship in pairs. These will fit traditional style helmets like the Riddell VSR-2Y and the Adams A4 Elite. The most conventional jaw pads that can be used among brands are the Riddell Jawpads. The jaw pads are the American football helmet inserts that hold the player’s jaw in place. This is also the case for the Riddell SpeedFlex Helmet. These front pockets can also have slight padding themselves. This is also the case for a youth football helmet.Ī bumper is always made from some sort of flexible foam and is hold in place by a front pocket. ![]() A bumper holds together an adult football helmet lining system and is dedicated to protecting a players forehead. Always use a dedicated pump like Riddell inflator pump.Ĭhoosing the right football protective gear can make a big difference on the gridiron. Needles that are too long van punctuate the liner. Please make sure to use the right helmet pump or inflation tool or inflator pump. This allows players to get the perfect amount of air in, ensuring a tight and comfortable fit. Most forms of helmet padding are inflatable today. To make sure to choose the right liner stick to the original football helmet inserts from the same manufacturer. Please note that when it comes to liners it is almost impossible to use parts from other brands. Every brand has their own solution of inflatable, non-inflatable, cloth covered, overlined football helmet padding inserts.Ĭhoosing the right football helmet accessories can make a helmet safer and more comfortable to wear. These ensure safe and comfortable games and trainings for players. Liners protect a player’s back, neck, side, crown, cradle and occipital. Manufacturers constantly develop new football helmet padding systems. The protective properties of a football helmet only begin at the outer shell. Oversized vent holes for more air circulation.American Football Helmet Liners, Bumpers & Jawpads - Padding Inserts for Riddell Rawlings.Inflatable S-pads for a close, customizable fit.A high-impact ABS gloss shell for superior player safety.Superior player safety and a close, customizable fit With a high-impact ABS gloss shell for superior player safety, inflatable S-pads for a close, customizable fit, and oversized vent holes for more air circulation, the Riddell Speed provides elite-level protection. The Riddell Speed is a professionally designed, top-tier football helmet built for any-level players in search of superior player safety and a close, customizable fit. Overliner: NuBuck Overliner - Removable, moisture-resistant liner cover.Protection: Patented Side Impact Protection (PSIP).Facemask: HS4 - High Strength Pring Stainless Steel.NuBuck Overliner - Removable, moisture-resistant liner cover HS4 - High Strength Pring Stainless Steel The SpeedFlex is the helmet of choice by players at every level of football and is the ultimate collectible for the hardest core fans. With more SpeedFlex helmets in the NFL than any other style, youll be in good with this shelf collectible. A quick release face mask attachment system for easy adjustability. Dallas Cowboys Riddell SpeedFlex Helmet - 1960-1963 Throwback.An Air Fit liner for a proper, comfortable fit.Maximum impact protection and a proper, comfortable fit With Patented Side Impact Protection (PISP) technology for maximum impact protection, an Air Fit liner for a proper, comfortable fit, and a quick release face mask attachment system for easy adjustability, the Riddell Speed Icon provides top-of-the-line performance. The Riddell Speed Icon is an incredibly well made, value-level football helmet engineered for intermediate-level players who want maximum impact protection and a proper, comfortable fit. Compatible Facemasks: Riddell SpeedFlex FacemasksĪbout The Riddell Speed Icon Football Helmet.Patented Side Impact Protection (PISP) technology for maximum impact protection.A Ratchet-Loc retention system for an easier way to adjust your chinstrap.A Tru Curve liner system for superior fit.Superior fit and an easier way to adjust your chinstrap With a Tru Curve liner system for superior fit, a Ratchet-Loc retention system for an easier way to adjust your chinstrap, and Patented Side Impact Protection (PISP) technology for maximum impact protection, the Riddell SpeedFlex provides exceptional protection. The one and only Riddell SpeedFlex is a top-tier football helmet built for advanced-level players seeking a superior fit, comfort, and exceptionally easy adjustment. About The Riddell SpeedFlex Football Helmet ![]() Most of the time, connecting your LG TV to a mobile hotspot is easy. Troubleshooting: Using Mobile Hotspot on LG TV You cannot use your phone as a remote while connected to your hotspot Pros of Using a Mobile HotspotĬould lead to data plan overages if not used responsibly Here are some pros and cons of using your hotspot on your LG TV. While using a hotspot to connect your LG TV to the internet in a pinch is a great idea, you shouldn’t leave it connected to your hotspot at all times. Pros and Cons of Using a Hotspot on an LG TV Some people also use mobile hotspots when their Wi-Fi connection is weak and their hotspot connection is faster, or when their ISP is experiencing an outage and no other internet connection is available. ![]() The most common reason is that your LG TV won’t connect to Wi-Fi. There are many reasons you may want or need to use your mobile hotspot to connect your LG TV to the internet. If you just set up the hotspot, your TV may need time to refresh and pick it up. If your hotspot doesn’t come up, make sure it’s still toggled on in your settings. The name of your hotspot will usually be the same as your phone’s. Select your hotspot and enter your password.Select “ Connection,” then “ Network Connection Settings.”.Press the settings button on your LG TV remote.How Do I Connect My LG TV to My Hotspot?Ĭonnecting your LG TV to the mobile hotspot you just set up is pretty straightforward. Now, other devices can connect to your mobile hotspot like they would connect to any Wi-Fi network. Go back to “ Mobile Hotspot and Tethering” and look for “ Password.” There, you can set the password that devices need to connect to your hotspot.Select “ Mobile Hotspot and Tethering.”.Here’s how to activate your Android’s mobile hotspot : It shouldn’t take you longer than a minute to complete. Setting up a mobile hotspot on an Android is similar to setting one up on an iPhone. Now when other devices are searching for Wi-Fi networks, your hotspot should come up alongside the other networks near you. Hit “ Wi-Fi Password.” From here you can set the password you’ll enter to connect your TV to your hotspot.You just need to know where to go in the Settings app.Follow the steps below to turn your iPhone into a hotspot: Setting up a hotspot on an iPhone is pretty straightforward. However, the steps you’ll need to take to get there will vary depending on your phone’s operating system. To set up a mobile hotspot, all you need to do is activate it in your settings. Here’s how you can use your mobile hotspot with your LG TV. When your home Wi-Fi goes down, using your mobile hotspot to connect your LG TV to the internet is a great alternative. They typically include a mix of pre-installed add-ons and settings, as well as the ability to customize and configure the installation to suit their specific needs. These Builds are designed for users who want to create their own unique Kodi installation. There are several different types of Kodi Builds available, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Since all the add-ons and settings are pre-configured and tested, users can be confident that everything will work together seamlessly and without any conflicts. This can be especially useful for users who are new to Kodi and may not be familiar with the various add-ons and settings available.Īnother advantage of using Kodi Builds is that they can provide a more consistent and stable Kodi experience. Rather than having to manually install and configure each individual add-on and setting, users can simply download and install a pre-built Kodi Build that already has everything they need. One of the main advantages of using Kodi Builds is that they save time and effort. They are essentially a shortcut to setting up Kodi with all the features and functionality that a user might want. In essence, Kodi Builds are a collection of pre-installed add-ons, skins, and settings that are packaged together to create a complete Kodi installation. They are designed to provide users with a complete Kodi experience right out of the box, without the need to manually install and configure each individual add-on and setting. Kodi Builds are pre-configured Kodi installations that come with various add-ons, skins, and settings already installed. Remember to always prioritize security and performance, and stick with reputable sources and developers. Make sure to fully uninstall each build before testing a new one to avoid conflicts and performance issues.īy following these tips and recommendations, you can select the best Kodi build for your needs. This will allow you to compare performance and features, and find the best fit for your needs. Test Multiple Buildsĭon’t be afraid to test out multiple Kodi builds before settling on one. ![]() Look for builds that allow you to easily add or remove add-ons and customize the interface. This will allow you to tailor the build to your specific needs and preferences. Consider Customization OptionsĬhoose a Kodi build that offers customization options. Stick with well-known Kodi repositories and developers to ensure a safe and secure experience. Avoid downloading builds from unknown or untrusted websites, as they may contain malware or other security threats. Only download Kodi builds from reputable sources. Avoid builds that include too many unnecessary add-ons or have a history of security issues. Look for builds that are frequently updated and have a good reputation in the Kodi community. Research Buildsĭo your research and read reviews before selecting a Kodi build. Make sure to choose a build that is compatible with your device to ensure optimal performance. Some builds are optimized for specific devices, such as Firesticks or Android TV boxes. However, by following these tips and recommendations, you can find the best Kodi build for your needs.īefore selecting a Kodi build, it’s important to consider the device you will be using it on. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to know where to start. Troubleshooting common issues with Kodi buildsĪs we understand the importance of choosing the right Kodi build, let’s dive into the process of selecting one.Additional resources for readers to learn more about Kodi builds.Information on How to Uninstall Kodi Builds.Troubleshooting Common Installation Issues.Precautions to Take Before Installing Kodi Builds.Step-by-Step Guide on How to Install Kodi Builds.Comparison between Kodi Builds and Kodi Add-ons.Here will discuss some of the top best kodi builds that you can try. You might also want to try out Kodi builds if you want to improve your overall Kodi experience. Kodi provides free access to a wide range of entertainment, including TV series, movies, live TV, sports, and much more. That’s the simplest and most accurate way to describe this extremely popular software. Kodi is the one of the best open media player available on the internet. ![]() So, if you want a macOS desktop app, you must develop on macOS. ![]() You must develop on the platform where you plan to deploy. I'm looking for an explanation of something specific. I'm looking for example code to use in my project. I know something about this topic, but I want a refresher. What would you like to learn from this codelab? I'm new to the topic, and I want a good overview. Non-relevant concepts and code blocks are glossed over, and are provided for you to simply copy and paste. This codelab focuses on adding GraphQL capabilities to a Flutter desktop app. Likewise, here is the same application running on Ubuntu Linux. Here is a screenshot of the desktop application that you will build, running on macOS. ![]()
The platypus was hunted for its fur, but it has been a legally protected species in all states where it occurs since 1912. It has appeared as a national mascot, features on the reverse of the Australian twenty-cent coin, and is an emblem of the state of New South Wales. It is culturally significant to several Aboriginal peoples, who also used to hunt it for food. The unique features of the platypus make it important in the study of evolutionary biology, and a recognisable and iconic symbol of Australia. In 1799, the first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body judged it a fake made of several animals sewn together. The unusual appearance of this egg-laying, duck-billed, beaver-tailed, otter-footed mammal at first baffled European naturalists. It is one of the few species of venomous mammals, as the male platypus has a spur on the hind foot that delivers an extremely painful venom. Like other monotremes, the platypus senses prey in cloudy water through electrolocation. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. ![]() The platypus is the sole living representative or monotypic taxon of its family Ornithorhynchidae and genus Ornithorhynchus, though a number of related species appear in the fossil record. ![]() The platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic, egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. ![]() In HelpXplain you select the Translation section in the File menu.Īfter entering your DeepL API key, you then just need to select the correct base URL for your key type (free or subscribed). In Help+Manual you select the DeepL Plugin in the Project tab, and then the About section. Once you have your key from DeepL you just need to enter it in Help+Manual and/or HelpXplain. Setting up for DeepL translation in Help+Manual and HelpXplain For more advanced use cases, the DeepL API Pro plan allows unlimited translation with usage-based pricing, maximum data security, and prioritized execution of translation. With the DeepL API Free plan, you can translate up to 500,000 characters per month for free. Then visit this page at the DeepL website, which allows you to choose a free or subscribed key directly: You can access the DeepL API with either a DeepL API Free or DeepL API Pro plan. How to get your free DeepL API subscriptionįirst download and install the updated ( beta) version of Help+Manual and/or HelpXplain with support for the new free subscription keys: Support for DeepL in Help+Manual with both free and paid subscriptions is currently available in all European Union countries, the USA, Canada and Japan. Doing this with human translators would be prohibitively expensive, particularly with languages like Russian, Japanese and Chinese. You can now get high-quality translation of as much text as an entire novel, every month, free of charge, between all these languages: Bulgarian, British English, American English, Chinese (simplified), Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, and Swedish. Combine this with the new free API keys and it is nothing short of revolutionary. The new DeepL API allows developers to build live translators with DeepLs translation technology, making far fewer mistakes. Its advanced machine learning produces results that are almost unbelievably good, and very close to what you would get from a professional human translator. Until recently, even the best and most expensive machine translation was pretty awful and only good enough for basic understanding, at best. Why DeepL translation is a (very) big deal This will almost always be enough for HelpXplain projects, which typically contain very little text, but it will also cover most Help+Manual projects. The new free API developer subscription from DeepL allows you to translate up to 500,000 characters per month at no cost. Now you configure yourself oR Watch video tutorial below about DeepL Pro API translation plugin Configurtions and Settings or How to work " DeepL Pro API translation plugin" in your WordPress site.ĩ.We’re delighted to announce that DeepL machine translation is now available free of charge in both Help+Manual and HelpXplain. ![]() Noted that: If you do not see " DeepL Pro API translation plugin" folder on left sidemenu then, see at left sidemenu " Settings" or " Tools".Ĩ. Now, Click on " DeepL Pro API translation plugin" folder. Then, See left sidemenu. " DeepL Pro API translation plugin" folder is added on left sidemenu. Now, Browse " wpdeepl.zip " Downloaded plugin from your computer, Where you downloaded wpdeepl.zip According to Step – 1 Above then, click on " Install Now"ħ. we need to provide knowledge articles in several languages and currently manually translate each article. NMT tools hold great potential and have been developed by companies like Google Translate and DeepL. Then, Click on " Plugins" + " Add New" from left sidemenu of Dashboard.ĥ. ![]() Then, Login to your " /wp-admin" Dashboard.ģ. ![]() First Download " wpdeepl.zip" Plugin to your Local Computer. This plugin allows you to use DeepL translation API to translate posts ( and pages ) right from your WordPress Admin.ġ. Easy to wear and always at a price you can afford, our women’s wedge shoes are the gift that keeps on giving.īy signing up for email, you agree to Fashion Nova's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy.īy submitting this form, you agree to receive recurring automated marketing text messages (e.g. Your comfortable wedge sandals or wedge booties will fit right in at a fancy restaurant or tapas joint. Our wedge shoes for women can be dressed up with a shiny clutch and hoop earrings or set of layered necklaces. You’ll still be turning heads, even though you left the 4-inch heels at home. Wear your pink snakeskin wedges with a LBD or your black wedge shoes with a sequin romper. Our women’s wedges are also great as going out shoes. In fact, there are so many ways to create daytime looks with wedge shoes for women, you may run out of selfie poses for the ‘Gram. If Goldilocks was looking for a pair of shoes that were just right, we think she’d go with some red wedges or a pair of our clear heel wedge shoes. Casual wedge shoes for women won’t get stuck in the sand or look too fancy for a mid-day meal. Pair your white wedges with cropped ankle jeans and your espradrille wedges with a pair of jean shorts. Your daytime look can go beyond women's wedges shoes and flat sandals (even though we love those looks on you, too). Slide on wedge shoes for women are perfect for backyard BBQs, picnics, casual Friday, and more. ![]() Add to your collection of flat sandals, booties, and sneakers, women’s wedges. From red wedge shoes with a strappy sandal design to nude wedge pumps that are easy to slip on, we have wedge shoes for women for any occasion.Closed toe wedges - Keep your toes protected and warm in these closed toe women’s wedge shoes that work in all seasons.Clear wedge heels - Rock some barely there clear heels with bright straps.Espadrille wedges - These classic women’s wedges include nude wedges and other vacation-ready styles.Wedge boots - When the first snow falls, you’re ready to bust out your women’s wedge boots and black wedge booties.Wedge flip flops - Beach look, but make it fashion with these lifted flip-flops.Wedge sandals - Head to the beach in wedge sandals that look great with any casual outfit.Wedge sneakers - Take your daily on-the-go look to a new level with wedge sneakers that elevate you and your look. ![]() Here are some of our favorite trendy wedge shoes for women that are hot right now and sure to stand the test of time. Let’s just say they cover all your foot fashion bases. Our wedges go from day to night, from your jeans and tee look to your mini-dress ensemble, and from brunch to a job interview. Wedges for women are on trend right now, and we want to you to get in on it. Time to book those salsa dancing classes. With new arrivals every time you turn around, you’ll be covered in wedges on wedges on wedges before you know it. ![]() You can find a pair of women’s wedge shoes for any occasion here on Fashion Nova. Our fashion wedge shoes for women range from red and brown wedges to wedge sneakers and wedge flip-flops. ![]() Women’s wedges lift your butt and highlight your calves, all while offering you a bit more balance than your favorite set of stilettos. Your legs look good and you don’t care who knows it. ![]() However, if you use store bought paneer, just remember to soak it in hot water for 15 to 20 minutes and then use in the recipe. I often use my homemade paneer for this palak paneer recipe. Also, you can skip the tomatoes if you want. However, if you are not a fan, you may cut down on it or skip it altogether. I use lot of garlic because in my opinion spinach and garlic go really well together. The curry is made of the spinach puree, tomato, onion, ginger and garlic. This helps in retaining the color of the spinach. Once the spinach is boiled, add it to ice cold water. It uses basic spices and simple ingredients.įor the curry, I first blanch the spinach and then puree it. This particular recipe is very simple and I would call it home style palak paneer recipe. If you don’t want to add cream, you can also use yogurt or milk in place.Įveryone has their own way of making this dish and honestly, I also make it in a different way every time I cook it. It’s then cooked with spices and simmered on low heat with paneer.Ĭream is added to cut down on the bitterness of the spinach leaves and also make it rich. So, this curry is made with spinach and Indian cottage cheese. Whatever the reason was, we would always be very happy when mom made it! What is Palak Paneer Maybe because it was considered healthier than the other creamy versions of paneer. I would say it was made much more frequently in my home than say paneer butter masala or shahi paneer. It’s one of the most commonly made paneer dishes in Indian homes. Palak Paneer is such a staple in north India. They wouldn’t touch spinach otherwise but if there was paneer with it, they would happily gulp down bowls of it. It was such a great way to sneak in the greens. When we were kids, the only way my brothers would eat spinach was if it was cooked with paneer in palak paneer. It pairs well with naan, paratha or jeera rice. Paneer (Indian cottage cheese) is cooked with spinach and spices in this creamy and flavorful curry. Palak Paneer is one of the most popular paneer dishes. So maybe just go back for seconds and freeze more yogurt for tomorrow.This post may contain affiliate links. You can keep the leftovers in the freezer for later, but it will never be as good as freshly blended. Swirled (with a piping bag and tip) or not. Or if you are really serious about CREAMY froyo, blend in a half cup or so of chilled coconut cream. But avoid it if possible so your froyo doesn’t turn into a smoothie. Depending on what kind of yogurt you use and how powerful your blender is, you may need to add a splash of non-dairy milk. Blend those cubes with frozen berries, maple syrup if you want a not so tangy froyo, vanilla, and salt. Plop it into an ice cube tray (or mini muffin pan if you don’t have one) and freeze overnight. I actually used a mix of Coyo (which is REALLY rich) and Kite Hill almond milk yogurt. I recommend using a higher fat yogurt, preferably made from coconut milk. But you shouldn’t because that will make for icy, un-dreamy froyo. Now you could use a thin, runny, mostly gum-filled non-dairy yogurt. How does one turn frosty blueberries and gloopy yogurt into perfect swirly froyo without a fancy machine or magic? This is real life frozen yogurt with actual yogurt. Oh and in case you are still thinking this is nice cream, it is not. the best purple thing for your summer it’s-hot-and-i’m-hungry dilemma.delish out of a cone or cup (or the blender!). ![]() fruity and tangy with a touch of sweet vanilla.light on the effort, you just need a blender.This vegan Blueberry Frozen Yogurt recipe is: But I’m certainly not mad about a freezer full of berry leftovers. Three batches because froyo is tricky to photograph in Florida summer heat, and I wanted to test it out in both a cone and a cup for you. Three batches not because batch one didn’t taste good, it most definitely and deliciously did. And a homemade, banana-free, blender recipe for it would be much appreciated. Optionally swirled for extra YUM!Īfter posting this swirly purple teaser on Instagram last week it was obvious blueberry froyo means just as much to you as it does to me. Easy homemade froyo! This Blueberry Frozen Yogurt Recipe is a healthy summer snack made in the blender with 5 ingredients. ![]() Pica is the ingestion of non-nutritive substances and has so far been poorly documented. Similar effects have been observed in overcrowded situations in jack rabbits and deer. Male beetles lose interest in the females and although there is plenty of water and food, there is no population growth. When overcrowding occurs, female beetles destroy their eggs and turn cannibalistic, eating each other. Similar effects have also been observed in dense populations of beetles. Even though there was plenty of water and food, the rats stopped eating and reproducing. The population reached a number of individuals and did not grow thereafter overcrowding produced stress and psychopathologies. Studies on the effects of overcrowding were conducted in the 1940s by placing pregnant Norway rats in a room with plenty of water and food and observing the population growth. Affected sows have poor appetite but often show pica, excessive water intake (polydipsia) and are anemic. It is also likely that two subordinate sows make up part of the group who actively avoid competitive feeding situations and are bullied by the dominant sow. When placed into groups they fight vigorously, with one dominant sow emerging that eats voraciously. ![]() However, increased movement and freedom is also stressful for adult sows, which is usually the case after weaning. The sows that experience the most restraining conditions are those lactating or pregnant as they have very little room to move around because they are kept in barred gestation crates or tethered for the 16 weeks of pregnancy which prevents natural and social behaviors. Stress in stalled sows is often perceived as the consequence of the restraint of animals that happens in intensive production units. The syndrome may mainly be related to social and environmental stressors. They experience emaciation, hypothermia, a depraved appetite, restlessness, and hyperactivity. Thin sow syndrome (TSS) is a behavior observed in stalled sows that is similar to AA where some sows after early pregnancy are extremely active, eat little, and waste away, resulting very often in death. Rhesus macaque males become hyperactive in response to long-term chronic food restriction. The effect of semi- starvation on activity has also been studied in primates. Laboratory rats therefore run (forage) more in response to food shortages. One theory is that running simulates foraging, a natural behavior in wild rats. Results support the notion that the running interferes with adaptation to the new feeding schedule and is associated with the reward system in the brain. In fact, if rats are first trained to the feeding schedule and then given unrestricted access to a running wheel, they will not develop AA behavior. Also, if rats are restricted both in food intake and wheel access, they will adjust accordingly. Unrestricted food access and restricted wheel access will not cause any significant change in either feeding or exercise routine. In other conditions, AA does not develop. The running cycles shift so that most of the running is done in hours before feeding is scheduled. However, if food intake is restricted and wheel access is unrestricted, rats begin to exercise more and eat less, resulting in excessive weight loss and, ultimately, death. When given free access to food and an exercise wheel, rats normally develop a balanced routine between exercise and food intake, which turns them into fit rats. The expectation is that farm animals also display this behavior, but questions arise if the same principles apply to laboratory and pet animals.Īctivity anorexia (AA) is a condition where rats begin to exercise excessively while simultaneously cutting down on their food intake, similar to human anorexia nervosa or hypergymnasia. Evolutionary fitness drives feeding behavior in wild animals. However, domesticated animals including farm, laboratory, and pet animals are prone to disorders. This article provides a non-exhaustive list of animal psychopathologies.Īnimals in the wild appear to be relatively free from eating disorders although their body composition fluctuates depending on seasonal and reproductive cycles. But animal psychopathologies can, from an evolutionary point of view, be more properly regarded as non-adaptive behaviors due to some sort of a cognitive disability, emotional impairment or distress. Historically, there has been an anthropocentric tendency to emphasize the study of animal psychopathologies as models for human mental illnesses. Animal psychopathology is the study of mental or behavioral disorders in non-human animals. |
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